AC RMS / Peak Converter
Convert between amplitude measures of common waveforms, add a DC offset, or calculate RMS directly from samples. For a sine wave, Vrms = Vpk/√2, Vpp = 2Vpk, and the rectified average is 2Vpk/π. Different waveforms have different RMS, crest, and form factors. Everything runs locally in your browser.
Waveform amplitude conversion
RMS from samples (general definition)
Waveform reference
The math. RMS is the equivalent DC value that delivers the same average power to a resistor: Vrms = √((1/T)·∫₀ᵀv(t)²dt). Square the signal, average it over a cycle, then take the square root. Crest factor is peak divided by RMS; form factor is RMS divided by rectified average. A DC offset is added to every instantaneous waveform value before total RMS is calculated. This matters for half-wave rectified sine waves, whose original mean is already nonzero. The samples tool applies the general definition directly.